Distinguishing Between Actual Freedom, Genuine Enlightenment, and Buddhistic Practices (Thread 1)

Part 1/4

On May 22, 2024, shortly before Richard’s death, Daniel Ingram reached out to me indicating that a friend of his thought Richard should be interviewed for the “Expert Opinion Project” (link) of the Emergent Phenomenology Research Consortium (EPRC) (link)[1].

{Addendum May 12, 2025: an exchange I had with Daniel ~2 years prior to this one may be informative as well: Thread 2.}

The resultant exchange, particularly my last message, is elucidative of the fundamental differences between modern-day buddhistic meditative/spiritual practices, genuine spiritual Enlightenment (as depicted in the buddhavacana, the Word of the Buddha), and actualism and actual freedom, and as such I thought it would be of benefit to re-present it on the forum here (with permission).


First, some context – as the EPRC’s mission is to “to conduct studies on emergent practices and phenomena”, where “emergent practices” are defined as “practices designed to lead to emergent phenomena, such as meditation, psychedelics, yoga, prayer, etc.” (source) – what do they mean, precisely, by the term “emergent phenomena”?

They define it in their whitepaper:

They offer a broad range of categories that most of the phenomena they are interested in studying fit into at least one of: “sensate” [2], “perceptual” [3], “arousal-related” [4], “temporal” [5], “sequential” [6], “spacial” [7], “dimensional” [8], “contextual” [9], “existential” [10], “psychological” [11], “emotional” [12], “volitional” [13], “archetypal” [14], “semantic” [15], “interpretive” [16], “informational” [17], “valence” [18], “envelope” [19], “cognitive” [20], “physiological” [21], “paradigmatic” [22], “kinetic” [23], “vocational” [24], “functional” [25], “behavioral” [26], “social” [27], “collective effects” [28], “cultural” [29], “expressive” [30], “medical” [31], “energetic” [32], “magical (psi)” [33], and “meta-emergent” [34]

They unambiguously include Enlightenment (including as depicted in the buddhavacana) under this broad umbrella:

As Daniel Ingram was e-mailing to inquire about Richard being interviewed for one of the EPRC’s projects, they clearly include actual freedom under the broad umbrella of “emergent phenomena”.


With that context established, we can continue with the exchange. I e-mailed Daniel the following from Vineeto in reply:

Daniel’s response was:

I thought it best to gather more information first so as to make it as successful a re-iteration of the invitation as possible, so I replied with:

Daniel’s response:

I attempted to vigorously engage Daniel with the following, as I thought it the best chance to break through if possible:

His response indicated that the attempt was unsuccessful:

My last response before forwarding this all to Vineeto was:


  1. ↩︎
  2. “unusual sensate effects and experiences, typically visual, auditory, and somatic, but also olfactory, gustatory, vestibular, and proprioceptive” ↩︎

  3. “alterations in the quality, capability, phase, apparent sampling rate, scope, and shape of perception and attention” ↩︎

  4. “alterations in the quality, mode, and level of arousal itself, including experiences on the borders of sleep and waking (e.g. hypnogogic experiences), as well as what may happen in various forms of sleep, including in dreams and deep sleep, such as lucid dreams and lucid deep sleep, as well as some of the parasomnias” ↩︎

  5. “alterations in the perception of and understanding of time, including time seeming to speed up, slow down, stop, go backwards, loop, split, be lost, cease to apply as a construct altogether, or to have some sort of access to the past, future, or alternative time lines, including such concepts as retrocausality” ↩︎

  6. “related to the temporal order in which these emergent effects and experiences generally appear” ↩︎

  7. “related to emergent phenomena doing something to space itself, changing it, adding something emergent to it, etc.” ↩︎

  8. “related to the sense of there being spaces and directions beyond ordinary 3+1 dimensional space-time, compression of dimensions to less than than 3+1 dimensions, as well as bending of them, creating other alterations of them, as well as other non-local effects” ↩︎

  9. “related to the contexts in which the other emergent experiences and effects may be more or less likely to occur, as well as the effect of contexts (situational, cultural, physical, etc.) on the other phenomena” ↩︎

  10. “alterations in our understanding of deep and layered aspects of existence and identity itself, including to our sense of agency, subjectivity, the centrality and coherence of identity, the continuity or ephemerality of experience, life before or after death, parallel lives, split existences, and the like” ↩︎

  11. “alterations, both good and bad, in the presentation, intensity, and relationship to our issues, as well as various presentations that can resemble and may sometimes appear to overlap with various mental illnesses as well as the wellness-related goals of positive psychology” ↩︎

  12. “elevations, depressions, and alterations of mood, often seemingly unrelated or only loosely related to current circumstances” ↩︎

  13. “related to changes in our sense of control and agency, such as strengthening it, reducing it, eliminating it, transcending it, seeing through some sense of an illusion of it, being controlled by other people or entities, and other alterations” ↩︎

  14. “experiences of and alterations in relationship to “archetypes” in the psychological, Jungian sense” ↩︎

  15. “alterations in relationship to the meanings of words, concepts, and experiences” ↩︎

  16. “impacting the way that particular experiences and events are interpreted, or the way reality itself is interpreted” ↩︎

  17. “related to receiving various forms of information, such as “downloads”, channeling, precognition (which obviously contains a temporal component as well), and encompassing phenomena such as Third Man Factor” ↩︎

  18. “in the sense meant by psychology, meaning alterations in the degree to which an experience is perceived as pleasant/good, unpleasant/bad, or neutral, which may have a direct impact on our perceived quality of life” ↩︎

  19. “a term borrowed from music and relating to alterations in the apparent duration of the attack, sustain, decay, and release of sensations, emotions, psychological issues, mind states, and other qualities of experience, including other emergent phenomena” ↩︎

  20. “alterations in our processing abilities and the quality of cognition itself” ↩︎

  21. “alterations of our material bodies and their quality and function, body temperature, heart rate and its variability, respiration, sleep, energy level in the ordinary sense, and measurable changes on EEG, MEG, fMRI, and other neuroimaging and measurement devices” ↩︎

  22. “alterations in the way we fundamentally conceive of and relate to many aspects of experience and the world, which may include alterations to our understanding of and relationship to philosophy, ontology, epistemology, how things truly work, and nosology” ↩︎

  23. “effects on the movement of the body, such as it seeming to freeze, become more or less coordinated, or move spontaneously in patterns, or apparently at random” ↩︎

  24. “effects on our livelihoods, careers, education, and the like” ↩︎

  25. “changes to our activities of daily living and basic ability to function in the ordinary world” ↩︎

  26. “changes in personal behaviors” ↩︎

  27. “changes in our relationships to others, society, and our roles in society” ↩︎

  28. “changes that occur when groups gather together in emergent contexts, doing emergent practices, or when having emergent phenomena” ↩︎

  29. “alterations in our relationship to our culture as well as those related to our primary culture and other cultures” ↩︎

  30. “changes in how we communicate and express ourselves” ↩︎

  31. “changes in our relationship to health, healing, the symptoms and trajectories of other medical conditions, including chronic pain or terminal conditions, and our overall sense of wellness or unwellness” ↩︎

  32. “effects for which the word ‘energetic’, or ‘energy-like’, is probably the best word we have, even if we don’t yet entirely know what that is physiologically, and that involves experiences that may involve a sense of vibrations, power, movements, colors, sounds, and moods, changes in wakefulness and perception, often related to various ‘centers’ in the body” ↩︎

  33. “a wide range of effects and experiences from which we might be tempted to infer something beyond ‘ordinary’ materialistic causality and a single, shared Euclidean space, and about which the EPRC will remain strictly ontologically agnostic while yet appreciating that reports of these sorts of effects and experiences may often have clinical relevance” ↩︎

  34. *“Changes in the experience of, relationship to, and interpretation of other emergent phenomena, such as the sense of them being good or bad or mixed, of them occurring on their own or with a sense of control and even mastery, of them being harmful or healing, of them being real or unreal, of them being of social value or not, etc.” ↩︎

  35. The Wikipedia provides an adequate definition of the “four paths”:

    ↩︎
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Part 2/4

Five days later, I had received a reply from Richard, which I included in my response to Daniel. I decided to go into significant detail expanding on it to elucidate the matter, which I thought would be of benefit for current and future actualists and forum members to read and have access to.



  1. [Dictionary Definition]: ‘pragmatic (adj.):

    1. advocating behaviour that is dictated more by practical consequences than by theory or dogma;
    2. (philosophy) of or relating to pragmatism {see next tooltip};
    3. involving everyday or practical business; pragmatical;
      (adv.): pragmatically; (n.): pragmaticality. [C17: from Late Latin prāgmaticus, from Greek prāgmatikos from pragma, ‘act’, from prattein, ‘to do’].’ [emphasis added]. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).
    ↩︎
  2. [Dictionary Definition]: ‘pragmatism (n.):

    1. action or policy dictated by consideration of the immediate practical consequences rather than by theory or dogma;
    2. (philosophy) a. the doctrine that the content of a concept consists only in its practical applicability;
      (n.): pragmatist; (adj.): pragmatistic’. [emphasis added]. ~ (Collins English Dictionary).
    ↩︎
  3. RESPONDENT: (…) I was just trying to make a point to everyone else that that doesn’t mean I neatly fit into the category of dogmatic spirituality that Richard’s schematic [link] points to.

    ↩︎
  4. [Dictionary Definition]: ‘pretermit (tr.v.; pretermitted, pretermitting, pretermits):

    1. to disregard intentionally or allow to pass unnoticed or unmentioned;
    2. to fail to do or include; omit;
    3. to interrupt or terminate;
      (n.): pretermission; pretermitter. [Latin praetermittere: praeter, ‘beyond’; see preterit [viz.: comparative of prae, ‘before’] + mittere, ‘to let go’]’. ~ (American Heritage Dictionary).
    ↩︎ ↩︎
  5. absolute (n.): philosophy 1. a value or principle which is regarded as universally valid or which may be viewed without relation to other things;
    1.1 (the absolute): ‘that which exists without being dependent on anything else. [emphasis added].’
    (www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/absolute).

    ↩︎
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Part 3/4


  1. rūpabhava = rūpabhava=rūpadhatu (PTS-PED: ‘primary element’) otherwise termed cattāro mahābhūtāni (‘four great elements’); namely: vāyo, ‘wind’; āpo, ‘water’; tejo, ‘fire’; paṭhavī, ‘earth’.

    ↩︎
  2. arūpabhava = arūpabhava=arūpadhātu (PTS-PED: ‘the element or sphere of the incorporeal’); namely: viññāņānancāyatana (the realm of limitless, radiant, unestablished consciousness/unmanifest mind); ākiñcaññāyatana (the boundless state of consciousness without object/self with no other); nevasaññānāsannāyatana (the dimension of neither agnition nor non-agnition/ ‘neither being nor not-being’); saññāvedayitanirodha samāpatti/vimokkha (the cessation of/deliverance from agnition and hedonic-tone) which is an ineffable cataleptic/comatose state; see #7703 [link] and #7712 [link] and #7731 [link] for some detailed reports/descriptions/explanations.

    ↩︎
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Part 4/4

The response consisted solely of the words “Ok, thanks”, signed off with a single “D” – and that was the end of that matter.

Richard died four days later.

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Seems like they want to catalogue Richard’s condition:

The results of those studies will be incorporated into billing and diagnostic codes and the major medical textbooks. Knowledge of these experiences would be incorporated into the certification criteria of various boarded medical specialities.

But would any of them actually do the method?

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I found this to be a good read. I could be oversimplifying it due to my current state of recovery from brain bleed, stroke, heart attack and whatever else.
However, it all boils down to me that it is the difference of Buddhism being the belief of I am not my body vs Actualism being I am my body. Iow it is belief vs fact.
It really is so simple and before Richard people spent centuries making it complicated with belief.

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Very good read! It’s very interesting how anyone could settle for a third best and worse. Nothing about the modern-day buddhistic practices and goals seems very palatable. I remembering many years ago reading Daniel Ingram’s MTCB book and being utterly disappointed that this was what enlightenment actually was. I had taken his word for it as he wrote that that’s the best that we could aspire to in this life and that whatever was described in the Pali Canon was all myth. I remember very half-heartedly trying to meditate while harboring this disappointment :laughing:. On hindsight, it would have been better to just go about living a normal life. Why would anyone want to go thru cycles and Dark Nights and all of that hell?

Another distinguishment I’d add regarding actual freedom and enlightenment (with my recent reflections) is how even genuine enlightenment rests on the basic resentment of being alive. You could even say that is the essence of the first Noble Truth. Thus the only place you can go with that is completely somewhere else, while actual freedom is about being fully alive right now. The delusion of this is the fact that you can’t actually go somewhere else. Only this moment genuinely exists.

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The exact same thing happened to me. I even gave the book to another vipassana meditator who seemed quite dogmatic, focused solely on Goenka’s teachings (2017-18). Today, I still have a copy of MTCB, second edition. And I was thinking of giving it to a relative who is interested in Buddhism (despite my warnings and invitations to better experience the third way). After reading this thread, Daniel’s replies, and @claudiu wonderful sutta and attempts to dialogue with D, I think it would be best to send it for recycling, so that at least some trees can be saved and fewer people are led to the afterlife.

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I remembered that one of my first encounters with AF was reading Ingram’s report on his experience with the AF method: My Experiments in Actualism — Integrated Daniel

Returning to that page, I find the following (added emphasis by me):

“Then we get into the various models of awakening…

There are many criteria for arahatship if you look around in the texts. I have poured through them and I believe I have found them all.

The one that is the most relevant for my practice and why I use the term is one of the classic ones, that being “in the seeing just the seen, in the hearing just the heard, in the thinking just the thought,” etc. It is a perfect fit.

Then we have the criteria that don’t fit: that being the total elimination of certain emotions.

Emotions still occur. However, with no center-point, to say that there are things like Attraction and Aversion in the same way as before wouldn’t make any sense, as there is no longer that sense of a This Side that either wants to try to get over to That Side or get away from That Side, or tune out to That Side all together, meaning that the classic dualistic action of Greed, Hatred and Delusion can’t functionally happen anymore in that way. That said, from an ordinary and very realistic point of view this Daniel is still a very much a mammal. An animal was born, albeit a relatively smart one, but still an animal, with chemical transmitters, instincts, and the like, and they still function in many ways as they did before. This is to be expected.

I have met no living examples that I can confirm for myself who have totally eliminated all bad emotions, as the Theravadan model promises, including their external manifestations, and I have been going this long enough and run in enough circles of highly accomplished meditators that you would think I would have at least met one or heard enough reliable second-hand reports of one, but perhaps they exist and are either just hiding or being very clever to not let out what they have accomplished or somehow I have just totally missed them due to whatever factors.”

I believe nothing further needs to be added to understand that his experimentation with the AF method was provisional and poor, and therefore not useful for others who might want to try it.

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Re-reading his report there the most obvious question is indeed just, why didn’t he go to the source? Especially as he ”had the distinct impression that something worthwhile was to be found”, and his only interaction with Richard was ”straightforward enough” and he acknowledges all the negative things he heard were rumors he couldn’t himself substantiate and they ”matter little” (although enough to mention them I suppose), and that whatever Daniel did regarding actualism was ”translated through [his] friends”, and especially as he must have known that Richard explicitly wrote about how what these ”friends” were doing wasn’t actualism and they weren’t actually free…

The overarching take-away is indeed that he just wasn’t sincerely interested in finding out — and still isn’t (as although Richard has died, Vineeto hasn’t, and there are other genuinely actually free people now…) Interestingly he must have known the whole time that there was something distinctive and special about Richard as he sought to interview Richard (and not anyone else) when it came to the matter of gathering data for the EPRC project (although maybe not as Daniel said that “a friend thinks” Richard should be interviewed, i.e. not Daniel himself).

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Ah I also found this which I hadn’t seen before, the “Emergence Benefactors” organization (homepage link) has their own whitepaper (link) where they define “emergence” like this:

So, “emergence” is actually just a synonym for “spiritual”, or at least implies “spiritual” with the spiritual part not named explicitly.


  1. Transpersonal psychology , or spiritual psychology , is an area of psychology that seeks to integrate the spiritual and transcendent human experiences within the framework of modern psychology. [Wikipedia] ↩︎

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Hehe yes it is so clear in the PCE that there is no ‘emergent phenomena’ rather the actual world which has been here all along is apperceived, it’s actually in the other direction, it’s peeling back that which stands in the way of actuality rather than trying to have anything extra emerge :laughing:

‘emergent phenomena’ might as well be another word for that which can be fabricated/manufactured by the ‘me’.

Stepping outside just now for a cigarette I light a match and bring it close to the face, there is the smell of the burning wood (and it is delightful) and I wonder where is the ‘emergent phenomena’ in that? :smile: In fact whatever ‘emergent phenomena’ would only get in the way of this earthly perfection.

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